Rocket Cert Prep

NAR L2

Study guide

All 100 questions with answers, rationale, and NFPA/FAR references.

100 of 100

  1. #1Which of the following National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards provides a Code for High Power Rocketry?

    NFPA Codes
    1. A)NFPA 1122
    2. B)NFPA 1124
    3. C)NFPA 1125
    4. D)NFPA 1127Correct

    Why: NFPA 1127 is the Code for High Power Rocketry. NFPA 1122 covers Model Rocketry; NFPA 1124 covers Manufacture, Transportation, and Storage of Fireworks; NFPA 1125 covers Manufacture of Model and High Power Rocket Motors.

    Reference: NFPA 1127

  2. #2What part of the Federal Aviation Regulations govern rocket activity?

    FAA Regulations
    1. A)Part 95
    2. B)Part 97
    3. C)Part 101Correct
    4. D)Part 125

    Why: Rocket activity is codified in Part 101 — Moored Balloons, Kites, Amateur Rockets, Unmanned Free Balloons, and Certain Model Aircraft.

    Reference: FAR Part 101

  3. #3What is the maximum launch (flight-ready) weight allowable for a rocket which does not require an FAA Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA)?

    FAA Classifications
    1. A)113 grams (4 ounces)
    2. B)125 grams (4.4 ounces)
    3. C)453 grams (1 pound)
    4. D)1,500 grams (53 ounces or 3.3 pounds)Correct

    Why: Per Part 101.22(5), flight-ready rockets weighing no more than 1,500 grams (53 oz or 3.3 lbs) are defined as Class 1-Model Rockets. Class 1 rockets do not require a COA.

    Reference: FAR 101.22(5)

  4. #4What is the maximum propellant weight allowable for a rocket which does not require an FAA Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA)?

    FAA Classifications
    1. A)113 grams (4 ounces)
    2. B)125 grams (4.4 ounces)Correct
    3. C)453 grams (1 pound)
    4. D)1,500 grams (53 ounces or 3.3 pounds)

    Why: Per Part 101.22(1), rockets using no more than 125 g (4.4 oz) are defined as Class 1-Model Rockets. Class 1 rockets do not require a COA.

    Reference: FAR 101.22(1)

  5. #5Which of the following is a requirement for High Power Rocket Motor User Certification (excludes NAR Jr. HPR Participation Program)?

    User Certification
    1. A)The ability to understand written English instructions
    2. B)A minimum of 18 years of ageCorrect
    3. C)A citizen of the United States of America
    4. D)No felony convictions

    Why: A minimum of 18 years of age.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 5.4.1(1)

  6. #6What is the maximum total impulse permitted in a High Power Rocket per NFPA 1127?

    Total Impulse Limits
    1. A)20,480 Newton-seconds
    2. B)40,960 Newton-secondsCorrect
    3. C)81,920 Newton-seconds
    4. D)There is no impulse limit provided the altitude requirements listed in the FAA Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) are not exceeded

    Why: 40,960 Newton-seconds.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 4.9.2

  7. #7What is the maximum allowable weight for a High Power Rocket permitted per NFPA 1127?

    Weight Limits
    1. A)100 pounds
    2. B)400 pounds
    3. C)3,069 pounds
    4. D)There is no limit provided the rocket weighs less than 1/3 of the average certified thrust of the motors intended to be ignited at launchCorrect

    Why: There is no limit provided the rocket weighs less than 1/3 of the average certified thrust of the motors intended to ignite at launch.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 4.9.1

  8. #8What is the minimum age for User Certification (excludes NAR Jr. HPR Participation Program)?

    User Certification
    1. A)16 years old
    2. B)18 years oldCorrect
    3. C)21 years old
    4. D)25 years old

    Why: 18 years old.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 5.4.1(1)

  9. #9Which of the following characteristics does NOT meet the definition of a High Power Rocket motor?

    Definitions
    1. A)Total impulse is more than 160 Newton-seconds
    2. B)The motor uses a "composite" propellantCorrect
    3. C)Average thrust greater than 80 Newtons
    4. D)Propellant weight greater than 125 grams

    Why: Propellant type is not a defining characteristic.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 3.3.15.1 and 3.3.15.3

  10. #10Which of the following is (are) true of a complex High Power Rocket per NFPA 1127?

    Definitions
    1. A)The rocket is multi-staged or propelled by a cluster of rocket motorsCorrect
    2. B)The rocket contains electrical or electronic devices intended for control of the rocket's functions (e.g. staging, recovery initiation, etc.)
    3. C)The rocket uses other than parachute or streamer recovery (e.g. helicopter, glide recovery, etc.)
    4. D)Both "A" and "B" above

    Why: Multi-staged or propelled by a cluster of rocket motors.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 3.3.13.1.1

  11. #11According to NFPA 1127, a launch site is defined as containing areas for which of the following activities?

    Definitions
    1. A)Launching
    2. B)Recovery
    3. C)Parking
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All of the above.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 3.3.9

  12. #12A person shall fly a High Power Rocket only in compliance with:

    Compliance
    1. A)NFPA 1127
    2. B)Federal Aviation Administration Regulations, Part 101
    3. C)Federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, statutes, and ordinances
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All of the above.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 4.3

  13. #13According to NFPA 1127, which of the following statements is always true concerning the definition of a hybrid rocket motor?

    Definitions
    1. A)The fuel component is composed of either paper or plastic
    2. B)The fuel is in a different physical state (solid, liquid, or gaseous) than the oxidizerCorrect
    3. C)The oxidizer component is nitrous oxide
    4. D)Both "A" and "C" above

    Why: The fuel and oxidizer are in different physical states.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 3.3.15.2

  14. #14You're attending a launch that has a thin (but see-through) cloud layer at ~3,000 feet and clear blue skies above it. Is it okay to "punch" through this cloud layer with a High Power Rocket if there's a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) granting Class 2 flights up to 6,000 feet?

    Cloud / Visibility
    1. A)Yes, since there is an active COA, High Power Rockets can be flown up to the 6,000 foot altitude limit
    2. B)No, flights into any clouds are prohibited unless specifically waived by the FAACorrect
    3. C)Yes, as long as the cloud layer can barely be seen through and the RSO allows it
    4. D)Both "A" and "C" above

    Why: Part 101.25 specifically states that you must not operate Class 2-High Power Rockets into any cloud. Flights into clouds are not permitted regardless of opacity.

    Reference: FAR Part 101.25

  15. #15You are attending a launch where the sky is almost completely obscured by clouds at 5,000 feet except for a ~1,000 foot wide "hole" directly over the launch pads. Is it okay to launch a High Power Rocket to 6,000 feet if there's a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) granting Class 2 flights up to 8,000 feet?

    Cloud / Visibility
    1. A)Yes, as long as the High Power Rocket stays within the cloud opening
    2. B)Yes, as long as the RSO approves the launch and the COA is active
    3. C)No, the five-tenths coverage and horizontal visibility limitations applyCorrect
    4. D)Both "A" and "B" above

    Why: Part 101.25 prohibits operation at any altitude where more than 50% of the sky is cloud-covered or where horizontal visibility is less than five miles, unless the FAA has waived these. The hole must be at least 10 miles wide for compliance.

    Reference: FAR Part 101.25

  16. #16According to NFPA 1127, which one of the following statements is true concerning the definition of a High Power Rocket motor?

    Definitions
    1. A)Total impulse is less than 81,920 Newton-seconds
    2. B)The total impulse is more than 160 Newton-secondsCorrect
    3. C)The motor must use either fiberglass or metal case materials
    4. D)Both "A" and "B" above

    Why: Total impulse more than 160 N-s is one of the qualifying conditions for a high-power motor.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 3.3.15.1 and 3.3.15.3

  17. #17Which of the following (hypothetical) rocket motors is NOT a High Power Rocket motor?

    Definitions
    1. A)An F90 with 40 grams of propellant
    2. B)An H60 with 62 grams of propellant
    3. C)A G35 with 66 grams of propellantCorrect
    4. D)All of the above are High Power Rocket motors

    Why: A HPR motor must have more than 160 N-s total impulse, OR avg thrust > 80 N, OR more than 125 g of propellant. The F90 has >80 N avg thrust; the H60 has >160 N-s; the G35 does not exceed any threshold.

    Reference: NFPA 1125

  18. #18What information does FAA FAR 101.29(a) require you to provide when filing for FAA Launch Authorization?

    FAA Authorization
    1. A)Estimated number of rockets and type of propulsion (liquid or solid), fuel(s) and oxidizer(s)
    2. B)Description of the launcher(s) planned to be used, including any airborne platform(s) and description of recovery system
    3. C)Highest altitude, above ground level, expected to be reached, launch site latitude, longitude, and elevation, and any additional safety procedures that will be followed
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All of the above are required.

    Reference: CFR Part 101.29(a)

  19. #19Which of the following are operating limitations for Class 2 High Power Rockets per the FAA's FAR 101 Regulations?

    Cloud / Visibility
    1. A)At any altitude where clouds or obscuring phenomena of more than five-tenths coverage prevails
    2. B)At any altitude where the horizontal visibility is less than five miles
    3. C)Into any cloud
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All of the above are operating limitations under FAR Part 101.25.

    Reference: FAR Part 101.25

  20. #20According to NFPA 1127, a High Power Rocket shall only be launched if:

    Launch Requirements
    1. A)It contains any combination of motors having 40,960 Newton-seconds of total impulse or less
    2. B)It contains a recovery system that is designed to return all parts to the ground intact and at a landing speed at which the rocket does not present a hazard
    3. C)It utilizes an electronically actuated recovery system as either a primary or backup deployment method if the installed total impulse is greater than 2560 Newton-seconds
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All of the above are required.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 4.9.2, 4.10.1, 4.10.2

  21. #21According to NFPA 1127, when is it acceptable to alter a High Power Rocket motor?

    Motor Alteration
    1. A)When the results of a simulation show that a different delay time is needed for optimal deployment
    2. B)When the motor manufacturer allows itCorrect
    3. C)It is never acceptable to modify a High Power Rocket motor
    4. D)Both "A" and "B"

    Why: When the motor manufacturer allows it. Motor delay times should only be adjusted using procedures provided by the motor manufacturer.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 4.5.2 and 4.5.3

  22. #22According to NFPA 1127, the definition of a High Power Rocket is a rocket vehicle that:

    Definitions
    1. A)Is propelled by one or more High Power Rocket motors
    2. B)Is propelled by a combination of model rocket motors having an installed total impulse of more than 320 Newton-seconds or a combination of model rocket motors having more than a total of 125 grams (4.4 ounces) of propellant weight
    3. C)Weighs more than 1500 grams (53 ounces or 3.3 pounds) with motor(s) installed
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All of the above.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 3.3.13.1

  23. #23What does the "H" in the motor designation H100-5 stand for?

    Letter Class
    1. A)It is the first letter in the manufacturer's name
    2. B)It indicates the total power range or impulse range of the rocket motorCorrect
    3. C)It indicates the total thrust of the rocket motor
    4. D)It indicates that the motor uses black powder as a propellant

    Why: In a rocket motor designation, the alphabetic character indicates the total impulse range. H = 160.01–320 N-s, I = 320.01–640, J = 640.01–1280, K = 1280.01–2560, L = 2560.01–5120, M = 5120.01–10240, N = 10240.01–20480, O = 20480.01–40960. Impulse doubles with each letter.

  24. #24What does the "100" in the motor designation H100-5 stand for?

    Average Thrust
    1. A)It is the peak thrust in pounds of the rocket motor
    2. B)It is the rocket motor burn time in seconds
    3. C)It is the average thrust in Newtons of the rocket motorCorrect
    4. D)It is the manufacturer's retail price code

    Why: The number after the impulse letter is the average thrust in Newtons. Divide by 4.45 for pounds.

  25. #25What does the "5" in the motor designation H100-5 stand for?

    Ejection Delay
    1. A)It is the rocket motor burn time
    2. B)It is the peak thrust (in kilograms) of the rocket motor
    3. C)It is the average thrust of the rocket motor
    4. D)It is the ejection charge delay timeCorrect

    Why: The number after the dash is the delay in seconds between burnout and ejection. A "0" delay indicates a booster motor (no ejection charge). "P" indicates a plugged motor (no ejection).

  26. #26What are the units of measurement for the "100" in the motor designation H100-5?

    Average Thrust
    1. A)Newtons per second
    2. B)NewtonsCorrect
    3. C)Newton-seconds
    4. D)Feet per second

    Why: The number after the impulse letter is the average thrust in Newtons. Divide by 4.45 for pounds.

  27. #27What is the maximum allowable impulse for a "J" rocket motor?

    Letter Class
    1. A)320.00 Newton-seconds
    2. B)640.00 Newton-seconds
    3. C)1280.00 Newton-secondsCorrect
    4. D)2560.00 Newton-seconds

    Why: The upper end of each motor class's range is its maximum allowable impulse. J = 1280 N-s.

  28. #28Assuming that each motor has the full allowable impulse, how many "H" motors have the same total impulse as a single "J" motor?

    Letter Class
    1. A)3 motors
    2. B)1 motor
    3. C)2 motors
    4. D)4 motorsCorrect

    Why: Full H = 320 N-s, full J = 1280 N-s. 4 × 320 = 1280.

  29. #29You have an H64-8 rocket motor which has been certified to have a total impulse of 320.00 Newton-seconds. What is the approximate burn time for this motor?

    Burn Time
    1. A)3 seconds
    2. B)5 secondsCorrect
    3. C)8 seconds
    4. D)10 seconds

    Why: Burn time = total impulse / average thrust = 320 / 64 = 5 seconds.

  30. #30The manufacturer's test data shows a total impulse of 690 Newton-seconds for your motor. What impulse class does your motor represent?

    Letter Class
    1. A)"H"
    2. B)"I"
    3. C)"J"Correct
    4. D)"K"

    Why: J motor range is 640.01 to 1280 N-s. 690 N-s is a low J.

  31. #31The manufacturer's test data shows an average thrust of 100 Newtons for 6 seconds for your motor. What impulse class does your motor represent?

    Letter Class
    1. A)"H"
    2. B)"I"Correct
    3. C)"J"
    4. D)"K"

    Why: Total impulse = 100 N × 6 s = 600 N-s. I motor range is 320.01–640 N-s.

  32. #32What is the maximum launch angle, measured from vertical, for a High Power Rocket?

    Launch Conditions
    1. A)10 degrees
    2. B)15 degrees
    3. C)20 degreesCorrect
    4. D)25 degrees

    Why: 20 degrees from vertical.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 7; NFPA 1127, 4.12.3

  33. #33What is the maximum wind velocity allowable for launch operations?

    Launch Conditions
    1. A)20 miles per hourCorrect
    2. B)25 miles per hour
    3. C)15 miles per hour
    4. D)30 miles per hour

    Why: 20 mph maximum.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 9; NFPA 1127, 4.17.2

  34. #34The minimum launch site dimension for your field is 1,500 feet. According to NFPA 1127, what is the minimum distance between the launch site boundary and the launcher for a 320 Newton-second motor assuming no public highways or occupied buildings in the area?

    Launch Site Distances
    1. A)100 feetCorrect
    2. B)320 feet
    3. C)750 feet
    4. D)The launcher may be located anywhere on the launch site to compensate for wind

    Why: The launcher shall be no closer than the Minimum Personnel Distance from any boundary. For an H motor (320 N-s), that is 100 ft.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 11; NFPA 1127, 4.15.4

  35. #35You plan to break the altitude record for "H" motors with a flight to 10,900 feet. You have a field that is 6,000 feet by 6,000 feet and a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization for flights up to 12,000 feet AGL. According to NFPA 1127, what is the minimum distance between the launch site boundary and the launcher for an H-powered altitude record attempt assuming no public highways or occupied buildings are in the area?

    Launch Site Distances
    1. A)100 feetCorrect
    2. B)1,500 feet
    3. C)3,000 feet
    4. D)The launcher may be located anywhere on the launch site to compensate for wind

    Why: Minimum Personnel Distance for an H motor (320 N-s) is 100 ft from any boundary.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 11; NFPA 1127, 4.15.4

  36. #36The FAA has granted a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization for High Power Rocket flights up to 18,000 feet AGL for your event. If flights up to that altitude are expected, what is the minimum launch site dimension?

    Launch Site Distances
    1. A)1,800 feet
    2. B)4,500 feet
    3. C)9,000 feetCorrect
    4. D)18,000 feet

    Why: The launch site is no less than one-half (1/2) the maximum altitude expected, calculated, simulated, or granted by the FAA / AHJ.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 10; NFPA 1127, 4.14.2

  37. #37The FAA has granted a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization for High Power Rocket flights up to 2,500 feet AGL for your 2x "N" cluster-powered rocket. What is the minimum launch site dimension?

    Launch Site Distances
    1. A)500 feet
    2. B)1,250 feet
    3. C)1,500 feet
    4. D)4,000 feetCorrect

    Why: The launch site is no less than 1/2 the max expected altitude OR 1500 ft, whichever is greater. But the launcher must be at least the Minimum Personnel Distance (2,000 ft for an O-impulse cluster) from the edges, so the field must be at least 4,000 ft.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 10; NFPA 1127, 4.14.2(2)

  38. #38Except as provided in NFPA 1127 Paragraph 4.14.2(3), in no case shall the minimum launch site dimension be less than __________ the estimated altitude of the High Power Rocket to be flown, or __________.

    Launch Site Distances
    1. A)1/4, 1,500 feet
    2. B)1/2, 1,500 feetCorrect
    3. C)1/4, 2,500 feet
    4. D)1/2, 2,500 feet

    Why: 1/2 the estimated altitude or 1,500 feet, whichever is greater. (An exception permits 1,000 ft minimum for motors under 160 N-s with low liftoff weight and altitude under 2,000 ft.)

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 10; NFPA 1127, 4.14.2

  39. #39Your launch site borders with an interstate freeway. What is the minimum distance allowable of a High Power Rocket launch pad from the interstate freeway?

    Launch Site Distances
    1. A)750 feet
    2. B)1,500 feetCorrect
    3. C)3,000 feet
    4. D)5,280 feet (1 mile)

    Why: When occupied structures or busy roads are near the launch site, a 1,500-foot minimum separation is required between the launcher and the road or building.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 10; NFPA 1127, 4.15.3(2)

  40. #40A farm owner offers you the use of their two (2) mile square farm property for a launch site. Their house is located in the middle of the farm. What is the minimum distance allowable for location of a High Power Rocket launch pad from the owner's house, assuming it is occupied?

    Launch Site Distances
    1. A)750 feet
    2. B)1,500 feetCorrect
    3. C)3,000 feet
    4. D)You cannot launch unless the house is empty

    Why: When occupied structures or busy roads are near a launch site, a 1,500-foot minimum separation is required between the launcher and the road/building.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 11; NFPA 1127, 4.15.3(1)

  41. #41A farm owner offers you their farm for a launch site. Their house is located in the middle of the farm, which is one quarter (1/4) mile by one quarter (1/4) mile square. Assuming you can get an FAA Certificate of Waiver or Authorization for High Power Rocket flights up to 2,500 feet, can you conduct a high power launch from this farm?

    Launch Site Distances
    1. A)Yes
    2. B)Yes, but the pads have to be the minimum personnel distance from the edge of the field
    3. C)Yes, but the house has to be empty
    4. D)NoCorrect

    Why: The launch site must be at least 1,500 ft square and may not contain occupied buildings. Pads within 1,500 ft of an occupied house are not permitted.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 10; NFPA 1127, 4.14.2

  42. #42What is the minimum personnel distance from a High Power Rocket containing a single "I" motor?

    Personnel Distances
    1. A)200 feet
    2. B)100 feetCorrect
    3. C)75 feet
    4. D)50 feet

    Why: 100 ft.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Minimum Distance Table; NFPA 1127 Table 4.16.3

  43. #43What is the minimum personnel distance from a High Power Rocket containing three (3) "H" motors?

    Personnel Distances
    1. A)200 feetCorrect
    2. B)100 feet
    3. C)75 feet
    4. D)50 feet

    Why: 200 ft for a 3xH cluster (treated as the next-higher motor class).

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Minimum Distance Table; NFPA 1127 Table 4.16.3

  44. #44What is the minimum personnel distance from a High Power Rocket containing two (2) "K" motors?

    Personnel Distances
    1. A)50 feet
    2. B)100 feet
    3. C)300 feet
    4. D)500 feetCorrect

    Why: 500 ft.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Minimum Distance Table; NFPA 1127 Table 4.16.3

  45. #45Which of the following items used for motor ignition may accidentally ignite by the continuity test of some launch controllers?

    Ignition Safety
    1. A)Nichrome wire
    2. B)Flashbulbs
    3. C)Very low current electric matches
    4. D)Both "B" and "C" aboveCorrect

    Why: Some electric matches and flashbulbs are sensitive to continuity-test currents. Consult the manufacturer and test the setup before installing into a motor.

  46. #46In the event of a misfire, how long should you wait before approaching the launch pad?

    Misfires
    1. A)15 seconds
    2. B)60 secondsCorrect
    3. C)5 minutes
    4. D)As soon as signs of smoke are gone

    Why: 60 seconds.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 5; NFPA 1127, 4.18.4

  47. #47Which of the following is most likely to cause catastrophic failure of a black powder rocket motor?

    Motor Storage & Handling
    1. A)Temperature cyclingCorrect
    2. B)Electromagnetic fields
    3. C)Vibration
    4. D)High altitude

    Why: Temperature cycling causes expansion and contraction of the BP grain and motor casing, causing delamination and cracks. Combustion in those cracks increases pressure and causes failure.

  48. #48Unless the motor manufacturer instructs otherwise, igniters for clustered rocket motors should be wired together in:

    Cluster Ignition
    1. A)Series
    2. B)ParallelCorrect
    3. C)Short Circuit
    4. D)Open

    Why: Parallel. In series, the first igniter to burn out opens the circuit and prevents the others from firing.

  49. #49When can igniters that are installed in rocket motors be checked for continuity?

    Ignition Safety
    1. A)Any time
    2. B)Only in an enclosed shelter
    3. C)Only on the launch pad when ready for launchCorrect
    4. D)Igniters should never be checked for continuity while installed in a rocket motor

    Why: Continuity is typically checked by the launch controller when the rocket is on the pad — personnel are at minimum, and the model is pointed skyward.

  50. #50Which of the following is the preferred method for attaching fins to a High Power Rocket?

    Construction
    1. A)Tube surface mounting
    2. B)"Wedge" mount
    3. C)"Though the wall" mountingCorrect
    4. D)All fin mounting methods are all equally strong; it does not matter

    Why: Through-the-wall mounting is stronger because the fins are supported and attached to the rocket at both the motor tube and the body tube.

  51. #51Which of the following adhesives should not be used on rubber (or elastic) shock cord components?

    Construction
    1. A)Slow-curing epoxy adhesives
    2. B)Cyanoacrylate glues (AKA "CA" or super glue)Correct
    3. C)Aliphatic resin-based (yellow) glues
    4. D)White "Elmer's" type glues

    Why: Cyanoacrylate glues chemically attack rubber or elastic shock cord, weakening it under stretch.

  52. #52Which of the following adhesives is most likely to be weakened under humid or wet weather conditions?

    Construction
    1. A)Slow-curing epoxy adhesives
    2. B)Cyanoacrylate glues (AKA "CA" or super glue)
    3. C)Aliphatic resin based (yellow) glues
    4. D)White "Elmer's" type gluesCorrect

    Why: White glues are weakened by high humidity. Use aliphatic resin (yellow) glues instead.

  53. #53Which of the following adhesives is best for motor mount construction using phenolic motor tubes?

    Construction
    1. A)Slow-curing epoxy adhesivesCorrect
    2. B)Cyanoacrylate glues (AKA "CA" or super glue)
    3. C)Aliphatic resin based (yellow) glues
    4. D)"Hot melt" adhesives

    Why: Epoxies form fillets at bond joints for added strength and bridge gaps in loose-fitting parts. CA glues soak into paper/cardboard and are poor gap fillers; yellow glues don't bond well to phenolic/fiberglass; hot melt softens with heat.

  54. #54The centering rings provided with your High Power Rocket kit are a loose fit around the phenolic motor tube. Which of the following adhesives is the best choice for a strong joint?

    Construction
    1. A)Slow-curing epoxy adhesivesCorrect
    2. B)Cyanoacrylate glues (AKA "CA" or super glue)
    3. C)Aliphatic resin based (yellow) glues
    4. D)"Hot melt" adhesives

    Why: Epoxies form strong fillets and bridge gaps for loose-fitting parts.

  55. #55A small hole is typically recommended near the top, but below the nosecone or payload section shoulder, of a High Power Rocket's booster section. Why?

    Vent Hole
    1. A)This hole allows excessive ejection charge pressures to vent to reduce shock cord stress
    2. B)The hole is used for air pressure readings for onboard altimeters
    3. C)The hole vents internal air pressure as the rocket gains altitude to prevent internal air pressure from prematurely separating the modelCorrect
    4. D)The hole allows easy verification that a parachute is installed

    Why: Air pressure external to the rocket decreases as it ascends. Pressure trapped inside an unvented compartment can cause premature separation; the vent hole prevents this.

  56. #56When clustering combinations of black powder and composite motors, which type of rocket motor should be ignited first?

    Cluster Ignition
    1. A)Composite motors should be ignited firstCorrect
    2. B)Black powder motors should be ignited first
    3. C)It does not matter which motors are ignited first
    4. D)Clusters should never mix composite and black powder motors

    Why: Composite motors take longer to ignite than black powder motors. If BP fires first, the rocket may leave the pad before the composite ignites.

  57. #57Why should composite motors be ignited first in a composite and black powder mixed cluster?

    Cluster Ignition
    1. A)Composite motors are more difficult and take longer to igniteCorrect
    2. B)Composite motors are more likely to "cato" than black powder motors
    3. C)The exhaust products from black powder motors prevent composite motor ignition
    4. D)Composite motors are more powerful than black powder motors

    Why: Composite motors take longer to ignite. Depending on the configuration, the rocket may leave the pad before the composite ignites and therefore be underpowered.

  58. #58If individual igniters are used for igniting a motor cluster, which of the following statements is typically true:

    Cluster Ignition
    1. A)The launch control must have an audible as well as visual indication of igniter continuity
    2. B)The launch control must provide additional current to ignite the additional ignitersCorrect
    3. C)The launch control must provide higher voltage to ignite the additional igniters
    4. D)The launch control must use a car battery as a power source

    Why: Parallel cluster wiring shares the current among all the igniters. Marginal current means the most-sensitive igniter fires first and the cluster may launch before fully lit. Use a higher-current battery — not higher voltage.

  59. #59What is (are) the advantage(s) of using a "relay" type launch control?

    Ignition Safety
    1. A)It is cheaper than a non-relay launch control
    2. B)The relay allows a better indication of igniter continuity
    3. C)It can deliver more power to the rocket motor ignitersCorrect
    4. D)Both "B" and "C" above

    Why: A relay launch system places the battery close to the pad, minimizing voltage loss over long wire runs. The wires to the relay carry only relay-operation current.

  60. #60Petroleum based lubricants should not be used with the oxygen or nitrous oxide systems used in hybrid rocket motors. Why?

    Hybrid Motors
    1. A)They thicken when exposed to oxygen or nitrous oxide
    2. B)They lose their lubricating properties when exposed to oxygen or nitrous oxide
    3. C)There is a risk of spontaneous ignition or explosionCorrect
    4. D)The lubricant can promote corrosion of the metal components in the presence oxygen or nitrous oxide

    Why: Petroleum lubricants are a fuel; in oxygen-rich environments the risk of spontaneous ignition/explosion increases.

  61. #61Which of the following safety hazards may be associated with hybrid rocket motors?

    Hybrid Motors
    1. A)High pressure gas & low temperatures (frostbite)Correct
    2. B)Low temperatures (frostbite)
    3. C)Corrosive materials
    4. D)High pressure gas

    Why: Nitrous oxide cylinders run around 750 psi and N2O boils at –127°F. High-pressure gas and frostbite are both hazards.

  62. #62The Range Safety Officer (RSO) says that your model is unsafe to fly. Who has the authority to overturn this ruling?

    Authorities
    1. A)The Launch Control Officer (LCO)
    2. B)The individual who "checked-in" the model
    3. C)Three high power certified flyers who agree the model is safe
    4. D)The RSO's decision cannot be overturned by anyoneCorrect

    Why: The RSO's decision is final. The flier may present additional information (e.g., simulations or prior flight data) for the RSO to reconsider.

  63. #63Parachute ejection systems that sense barometric pressure for activation need a vent to the outside in their compartment because:

    Recovery Electronics
    1. A)This hole allows excessive ejection charge pressures to vent
    2. B)This hole is used to sample air pressure readings outside the rocket's airframeCorrect
    3. C)This hole vents internal air pressure as the rocket gains altitude to prevent internal air pressure from prematurely separating the model
    4. D)This hole allows easy verification that the battery is installed

    Why: Most barometric ejection systems trigger after detecting the change from a negative pressure trend to positive (typically at apogee). The vent lets the sensor sample the outside pressure.

  64. #64Which of the following individuals has the final authority in permitting a High Power Rocket to fly?

    Authorities
    1. A)The Launch Control Officer (LCO)
    2. B)The Range Safety Officer (RSO)Correct
    3. C)The Check-in Officer
    4. D)The rocket owner

    Why: The RSO's decision is final.

  65. #65Which of the following individuals has the ultimate responsibility to ensure that a rocket was built in a safe manner?

    Authorities
    1. A)The Launch Control Officer (LCO)
    2. B)The Range Safety Officer
    3. C)The rocket owner/builderCorrect
    4. D)All of the above

    Why: Range personnel can catch lapses in construction quality, but the owner/builder bears all responsibility.

  66. #66Parachute ejection systems that sense barometric pressure can malfunction during supersonic flight because:

    Recovery Electronics
    1. A)Aerodynamic heating changes the values of electronic components
    2. B)The outside pressure distribution is not continuous around the modelCorrect
    3. C)Static discharges will "zap" sensitive electronic components
    4. D)Both answers "A" and "B" are correct

    Why: During supersonic flight, shock waves are generated off various model features. The pressure distribution across the shock wave is not continuous and may fool the ejection logic into premature ejection.

  67. #67Your rocket returned from its flight with "zipper" damage where the shock cord tore through the model's airframe. What is the most likely cause?

    Recovery Failures
    1. A)Parachute ejection occurred too soon after motor burnout
    2. B)Parachute ejection occurred too late after apogee
    3. C)Parachute ejection occurred at apogee on a vertical flight
    4. D)Both "A" and "B"Correct

    Why: Zippers happen when the model is moving too quickly during deployment. Ejection too soon doesn't allow it to slow; ejection too late after apogee lets it gain velocity again.

  68. #68Your payload section, with a heavy payload, separated from your model immediately after motor burnout. What might be the cause?

    Recovery Failures
    1. A)The center of pressure at burnout was behind the center of gravity
    2. B)The payload shoulder was too loose in the body tube
    3. C)The rocket motor had a failure of its delay system
    4. D)Both "B" and "C" are correctCorrect

    Why: Delay-train failures can do this. More often, drag separation does — the higher drag on the aft section pulls it away from the forward section. Shear pins or positive retention prevent this.

  69. #69What is the distance around a launch pad for a "J" powered model that must be cleared of easy to burn material, assuming the motor is not "sparky?"

    Pad Clearance
    1. A)10 feet
    2. B)30 feet
    3. C)50 feetCorrect
    4. D)75 feet

    Why: 50 feet.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 7; NFPA 1127, 4.15.1, Table 4.15.1

  70. #70What is the distance around a launch pad that must be cleared of easy to burn material for a rocket using a 2-motor cluster of full impulse "J" motors, assuming the motors are not "sparky?"

    Pad Clearance
    1. A)10 feet
    2. B)30 feet
    3. C)50 feet
    4. D)75 feetCorrect

    Why: 75 feet (treated as the next higher impulse class).

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 7; NFPA 1127, 4.15.1, Table 4.15.1

  71. #71What is the distance around a launch pad to clear of all combustible and burnable materials for a rocket using a single "J" motor that uses titanium sponge in the propellant to emit sparks ("sparky" motor)?

    Sparky Motors
    1. A)30 feet
    2. B)50 feet
    3. C)75 feetCorrect
    4. D)150 feet

    Why: 75 feet (sparky motors require an increased cleared distance).

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 7; NFPA 1127, 4.15.1, Table 4.15.1

  72. #72What is "titanium sponge?"

    Sparky Motors
    1. A)A substitute for ejection wadding
    2. B)An ingredient used in some rocket motors that emit sparks in the exhaustCorrect
    3. C)An effective cleaning tool for high power rocket motor casings
    4. D)A lightweight material used in nose cones on supersonic rockets

    Why: Titanium sponge is used in some propellant formulations to create a sparky effect in the exhaust. Use of these motors requires an increased clear area around the pad.

  73. #73Consequences of inadequate motor retention can include:

    Motor Retention
    1. A)The motor being ejected at apogee instead of the parachute, resulting in two falling objects
    2. B)The motor being ejected from a cluster and flying on its own, under power
    3. C)The motor flying through the rocket, destroying it
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: Common results of inadequate retention include the motor being ejected when the deployment charge fires, motors falling out of cluster mounts and igniting, or motors flying through the rocket. Positive retention is required in both directions.

  74. #74According to NAR studies, the vast majority of unsuccessful flights fail because of:

    Failure Modes
    1. A)Unstable rocket designs
    2. B)Rocket motor malfunctions
    3. C)Recovery system failuresCorrect
    4. D)Structurally unsound rockets

    Why: 75% of flight failures are due to recovery system problems.

    Reference: Launching Safely in the 21st Century: Final Report of the Special Committee on Range Operation and Procedure, Chapter 2

  75. #75The kinetic energy of a descending rocket is a function of:

    Kinetic Energy
    1. A)Its mass
    2. B)Its velocity
    3. C)Its mass times its velocity
    4. D)Its mass times the square of its velocityCorrect

    Why: Kinetic energy = ½mv². A 40-lb rocket at 30 fps has about 749 joules of KE.

  76. #76You have an excellent flying field except that when winds are from the northwest at over 10 mph, rockets often drift into neighboring fields where you don't have permission to fly. Your alternatives include:

    Wind
    1. A)Limit flights to lower altitudes so rockets stay on the field
    2. B)Move the launch pad closer to the NW edge of the field, provided there are no roads or houses within 1500 feet
    3. C)Don't fly at times when the wind is problematic
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All of the above. Other alternatives: dual deployment, smaller parachutes, tilted launch rods.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 13; NFPA 1127, 4.17.1

  77. #77When should onboard energetics and/or electronic controls be activated and when should they be inhibited?

    Onboard Energetics
    1. A)The function of firing circuits and onboard energetics shall be inhibited until the High Power Rocket is in the launch position. They can then be activated when non-essential personnel leave the pad area.
    2. B)When the rocket is in the prep area.
    3. C)The function of firing circuits and onboard energetics shall be inhibited prior to removing the High Power Rocket from the launch position, and doing so only when non-essential personnel are not in the pad area unless otherwise directed by the RSO
    4. D)Both "A" and "C"Correct

    Why: Both A and C. Many altimeters require the rocket be on the pad in a vertical orientation to initialize properly.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Sections 4 and 6; NFPA 1127, 4.13.7 and 4.13.8

  78. #78What equipment is required at launch sites?

    Required Equipment
    1. A)Fire suppression devices (such as fire extinguishers)
    2. B)First Aid kits
    3. C)Fire suppression devices and First Aid kits
    4. D)Fire suppression devices, First Aid kits, and a method of communicating with everyone at the launch siteCorrect

    Why: Fire suppression, first aid kits, and communication with all personnel.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 4.14.3 and 4.18.3.1

  79. #79The Range Safety Officer (RSO) is concerned about your High Power Rocket's stability. Which of the following can be applied to determine the model's stability?

    Stability
    1. A)Fly a sub-scale, model rocket version of the actual model
    2. B)Perform manual calculations to determine the rocket's Center of Pressure (CP) location and verify the prelaunch Center of Gravity (CG) location
    3. C)Provide simulation data showing the rocket's Center of Pressure (CP) and prelaunch Center of Gravity (CG) locations
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All of the above. Swing tests are usually not feasible for HPR. RockSim/OpenRocket or the Barrowman method is most accurate.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 6; NFPA 1127, 4.8.2

  80. #80Your High Power Rocket lands on a power line. Which of the following is true?

    Recovery
    1. A)You can retrieve it if the power line is on a wooden (not metal) pole
    2. B)You must leave it alone and you must call the power companyCorrect
    3. C)You can retrieve it if you have a non-conductive tool, such as a "hot-stick"
    4. D)You can retrieve it if part of it is already on the ground

    Why: Leave it alone and call the power company.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 13; NFPA 1127, 4.10.5 and 4.10.6

  81. #81Your field is 1500 x 1500 feet and your FAA Certificate of Waiver or Authorization is 3,000 feet AGL. If you use parachutes sized to bring your rockets down at 20 feet per second, what is the maximum wind you can fly in for a rocket that will reach the altitude limit with an "H" motor?

    Wind
    1. A)You are limited only by the HPR maximum wind of 20 miles per hour
    2. B)You can fly at 15 mph, if you locate the pad at the upwind edge of the field and tilt into the wind
    3. C)You can fly in winds up to about 6 miles per hour, if you have the pads located closer to the upwind edge of the field and the rocket flies vertically (assuming minimum distances are maintained)Correct
    4. D)This field can only be used in calm winds for flights to the 3,000 foot altitude limit

    Why: At 20 fps descent, the rocket takes 150 s to reach the ground from 3,000 ft. In 20 mph (~30 fps) winds the rocket drifts 4,400 ft — off the field. At ~6 mph (8.8 fps) it drifts about 1,320 ft, which can be kept on the field with proper pad placement.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 13; NFPA 1127, 4.17.1

  82. #82According to NFPA 1127, which of the following is NOT a required feature of a rocket motor ignition system (launch controller)?

    Ignition Safety
    1. A)A removable interlock device in series with the launch switch
    2. B)The system is electrically operated
    3. C)The launching switch returns to the "off" position when released
    4. D)An audible or visual indicator showing continuity through the rocket motor igniterCorrect

    Why: Continuity indicators are not a required feature.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 4; NFPA 1127, 4.13.1 and 4.13.2

  83. #83According to NFPA 1127, which of the following are prohibited activities for participants prepping or launching High Power Rocket's as well as for spectators in the prepping areas?

    Personal Conduct
    1. A)Consumption of alcohol
    2. B)Use of medication that could affect judgment, movement, or stability
    3. C)Using a cell phone due to possible interference with a rocket's onboard energetics and/or electronic controls
    4. D)Both "A" and "B" aboveCorrect

    Why: Alcohol and impairing medication are both prohibited.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 6.1(11)

  84. #84According to NFPA 1127, High Power Rocket motors, motor reloading kits, and pyrotechnic modules shall be stored at least __________ away from smoking, open flames, and other sources of heat.

    Storage
    1. A)10 feet
    2. B)25 feetCorrect
    3. C)50 feet
    4. D)75 feet

    Why: 25 feet.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 3; NFPA 1127, 4.19.1

  85. #85According to NFPA 1127, what extra constraints and launch distances are required when launching multiple High Power Rockets simultaneously?

    Multi-Rocket Launches
    1. A)The LCO shall appoint a contest judge to determine which rocket wins the liftoff
    2. B)For three (3) or more rockets, the minimum spectator and participant distance shall be the value set forth in Table 4.16.3 for a complex rocket with the same total installed impulse but not more than 610 m (2000 ft), or 1.5 times the highest altitude expected to be reached by any of the rockets, whichever is less
    3. C)For more than one (1) rocket, a minimum distance of 3 m (10 ft) shall exist between each rocket used
    4. D)Both "B" and "C"Correct

    Why: Both apply. Although not required, it is also best practice to appoint a spotter for each rocket to warn the LCO of unsafe flight or recovery anomalies.

    Reference: NAR HPR Safety Code Section 6; NFPA 1127, 4.16.3.3 and 4.16.3.4, Table 4.16.3

  86. #86What is a common safety practice to follow just before hooking up the igniter leads to a rocket?

    Ignition Safety
    1. A)Touch the igniter clips together to test for sparks in case the launch system is still accidentally energizedCorrect
    2. B)Run an additional simulation to ensure the rocket and motor are a safe combination
    3. C)Check the skies to ensure no aircraft are in the area
    4. D)Stand next to the rocket for a photograph

    Why: Touching the metal clips together before connecting to the igniter prevents an accidental launch if the launch system is energized.

  87. #87An electronically actuated recovery system, as either a primary or backup deployment method, is required if the installed total impulse exceeds:

    Recovery Electronics
    1. A)1280 N-sec
    2. B)2560 N-secCorrect
    3. C)5120 N-sec
    4. D)10240 N-sec

    Why: 2560 N-sec.

    Reference: NFPA 1127, 4.10.2

  88. #88Twisted wire pairs in rocket wiring are considered good practice because:

    Electronics
    1. A)It reduces strain on solder joints
    2. B)It improves the routing of wire bundles
    3. C)It resists electromagnetic interference from internal and external sourcesCorrect
    4. D)It reduces resistance in wire bundles

    Why: Twisted pairs reduce noise currents induced by electric or magnetic fields — induced currents in each wire cancel out.

  89. #89Black powder charges for recovery systems can be unintentionally fired by:

    Recovery Electronics
    1. A)Electrostatic discharge (static electricity)
    2. B)Electromagnetic fields, e.g. nearby radios
    3. C)Control electronics malfunction
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: Static, EMI from nearby radios, and electronics malfunctions (startup transients, miswiring, sensor errors) can all unintentionally fire BP charges.

  90. #90The use of launch rails, e.g. 1010 and 1015, in lieu of launch rods is encouraged because:

    Launch Equipment
    1. A)Launch rails create less drag on the launching rocket
    2. B)Launch rails are stiffer and less likely to impose unintentional tipoff on the rocket (no rod whip)Correct
    3. C)Launch rails are easier to clean than launch rods
    4. D)All of the above

    Why: Rails are stiffer than rods, reducing rod-whip flexing and producing a more predictable launch trajectory.

  91. #91Which sequence below provides the highest level of range safety when launching a rocket utilizing an onboard electronically actuated recovery system?

    Ignition Safety
    1. A)Arm recovery system electronics, install igniter, touch igniter clips together, connect clips to igniterCorrect
    2. B)Install igniter, touch igniter clips together, connect clips to igniter, arm recovery system electronics
    3. C)Install igniter, arm recovery system electronics, touch igniter clips together, connect clips to igniter
    4. D)None of the above

    Why: Arming electronics first means an accidental launch will result in proper recovery. Installing the igniter before electronics are armed could create a ballistic return if the rocket accidentally fires.

  92. #92For a rocket to be stable, which of the following statements is true?

    Stability Basics
    1. A)The center of pressure (CP) must be behind the center of gravity (CG)Correct
    2. B)The center of pressure (CP) must be in front of the center of gravity (CG)
    3. C)The rocket must have fins
    4. D)The length of the body tube must be at least 5 times the model diameter

    Why: CP must be behind the CG for stable flight.

    Reference: Handbook of Model Rocketry, G. Harry Stine, 7th ed., Ch. 9

  93. #93An unstable rocket can be made stable by:

    Correcting Instability
    1. A)Adding sufficient weight to the nose coneCorrect
    2. B)Removing sufficient weight from the nose cone
    3. C)Moving the fins sufficiently forward towards the nose cone
    4. D)Making the rocket sufficiently shorter

    Why: Adding weight to the nose moves the CG forward of the CP, making the rocket stable.

  94. #94Rocket stability can be estimated by:

    Estimating Stability
    1. A)Center of pressure "Barrowman" equations
    2. B)"Cardboard cutout" method
    3. C)Determining the relative positions of the center of pressure (CP) and center of gravity (CG)Correct
    4. D)Stability cannot be estimated before a test flight.

    Why: Barrowman and cardboard-cutout methods estimate CP only — half of what's needed. CG location must also be known.

    Reference: Handbook of Model Rocketry, G. Harry Stine, 7th ed., Ch. 9

  95. #95A rocket's center of pressure can be estimated by using:

    Estimating Stability
    1. A)The "Barrowman" method
    2. B)Finding the point where the model balances
    3. C)The "cardboard cutout" method
    4. D)Both "A" and "C" aboveCorrect

    Why: Both Barrowman equations and the cardboard-cutout method estimate CP. Balancing the model would find the CG, not CP.

    Reference: Handbook of Model Rocketry, G. Harry Stine, 7th ed., Ch. 9, App. II, App. IV

  96. #96An unstable rocket can usually be made stable by:

    Correcting Instability
    1. A)Using a shorter nose cone
    2. B)Increasing the size of the aft finsCorrect
    3. C)Using a larger, heavier rocket motor
    4. D)Increasing the rocket diameter

    Why: Larger aft fins move the CP aft. A shorter nose cone or heavier motor moves CG aft, which is the wrong direction. Diameter has little effect on stability.

  97. #97During boost, a rocket powered by a solid rocket motor tends to:

    In-flight Stability
    1. A)Become less stable in flight
    2. B)Become more stable in flightCorrect
    3. C)Have no change in stability
    4. D)Become unstable

    Why: As the motor burns, the aft end becomes lighter and CG moves forward away from CP, enhancing stability. Increasing rocket speed also makes the fins more effective.

  98. #98Which of the following can cause unstable flight?

    Causes of Instability
    1. A)Weak tubes or couplers that permit airframe bending
    2. B)Misaligned motor mount tube or motor nozzle
    3. C)Inadequate airspeed leaving the launch pad on a windy day
    4. D)All of the aboveCorrect

    Why: All can cause unstable flight: bending rockets loop, misaligned thrust vectors deflect, and slow-leaving rockets see high angle of attack from wind.

  99. #99As a rule of thumb, how far should the center of pressure be from the center of gravity?

    Stability Margin
    1. A)The center of pressure should be at the same location as the center of gravity
    2. B)The center of pressure should be at least 1.0 body tube diameters behind (aft) the center of gravityCorrect
    3. C)The center of pressure should be at least 1.0 body tube diameters ahead (forward) of the center of gravity
    4. D)The center of pressure should be 1.0 body tube diameters ahead (forward) of the fin leading edge; the center of gravity does not matter

    Why: At least one body tube diameter of separation, with CP aft of CG.

    Reference: Handbook of Model Rocketry, G. Harry Stine, 7th ed., Ch. 9

  100. #100The definition of Positive Stability in regards to a rocket is:

    Stability Definition
    1. A)Where the center of gravity (CG) is located ahead (forward) of the center of pressure (CP)Correct
    2. B)Where the center of gravity (CG) and the center of pressure (CP) lie at the same locations
    3. C)Where the center of gravity (CG) is located behind (aft) of the center of pressure (CP)
    4. D)None of the above

    Why: Positive Stability = CG ahead of CP. Neutral = CG and CP coincident (no restoring force). Negative = CG behind CP (rocket flies tail-first).

    Reference: Handbook of Model Rocketry, G. Harry Stine, 7th ed., Ch. 9